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Bonsai People

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Photographing Bonsai with Stephen Voss: Trees in Transition

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By Stephen Voss

Stephen Voss is an accomplished professional photographer and member of the National Bonsai Foundation’s board of directors. His photographs are held in the permanent collections of the Library of Congress and the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities.

For many years, Stephen has honored an annual fall tradition of visiting the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the U.S. National Arboretum. He strolls the serene grounds, taking remarkable photos of trees in transition. Below, he shares reflections from his most recent visit in November 2024.

Each fall season at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum feels like an opportunity to learn something new about the colorful transition of vibrancy and change.

A wonderful Washington Post article outlined the life cycle of a leaf, and I was amazed to learn that as the leaves lose the chlorophyll that makes them green, they reveal their actual colors. That means that the fall colors we're now seeing have been there all along — waiting for this moment to set the museum alight.

The museum is never a static place, and on every visit I find a fascinating new discovery.

This time, I notice a sizable quince fruit hanging off a tree, and a beautiful selection of Chrysanthemums in the Vaughn Banting courtyard, outside of the exhibit space.

A profusion of tiny pollinators swirl around the garden mums along the Kato Family Stroll Garden, as small piles of leaves gather in the nooks and crannies of this peaceful place. The lack of rainfall this season has made for somewhat muted colors; there are more browns than oranges and reds, and we’ve had unusually warm days that maybe aren’t so unusual anymore.

For a long time, I came to the museum and went straight to the bonsai, drawn to their magnificence at the expense of the surrounding gardens. My photos for many years were close-up images, guided by minimalist tendencies. I still lean in that direction; but now, I’m also so taken by the interplay of the trees within the larger space, and how I might interpret these interactions visually. The whole of the museum contributes to the experience of visiting the trees.

Visitors pass through the exhibit space, murmuring questions about the trees and taking in their structural forms that are slowly revealed by the shedding of leaves. It occurs to me that not a day goes by at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum when someone visits who has never been there before.

As the seasons change, the Museum changes too — revealing another unique chapter in the story of this special place and these incredible trees.

All photos © 2024 Stephen Voss. (Thank you, Stephen!)

Click any of the images below to enlarge it. You can scroll through the gallery using the arrow keys or by clicking the left or right icons.

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Seiji Morimae visits the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum

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We were recently honored by a visit from Seiji Morimae, a renowned figure in the world of bonsai and suiseki. Morimae holds special esteem at both the National Bonsai Foundation and the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum in Washington, D.C., which he has supported for many years.

Curator Michael James welcomes Yaeko and Seiji Morimae to the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum.

As a bonsai expert and board member of the Nippon Suiseki Association, he has made significant contributions to the preservation of Japanese bonsai culture. His deep connection with the museum, particularly as a donor and cultural ambassador, underscores his lasting impact.

Welcoming Seiji and his wife Yaeko for a tour of the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum, we honored his lifelong dedication to bonsai and suiseki while viewing the highlights of America’s renowned national collections. Dr. Richard Olsen, director of the U.S. National Arboretum – along with museum curator Michael James, and National Bonsai Foundation executive director Bobbie Alexander – were on hand to officially welcome the Morimaes. Jack Sustic, Chair Emeritus of the National Bonsai Foundation and Vice-Chair of the World Bonsai Friendship Federation, also joined the group in the welcome. Peter Warren, an international bonsai professional – one of the few who has completed a full six-year apprenticeship in Japan under legendary expert Kunio Kobayashi – accompanied the Morimaes and served as translator.

Among the highlights at the Museum is Morimae’s gift of a “hut stone” suiseki, displayed in the traditional tokonoma setting – a tribute to his commitment to preserving and sharing Japanese culture. He has also donated several first-class bonsai over the years. In the North American Pavilion, Michael discussed how American bonsai has evolved, inspired by influential leaders like Morimae. Dr. Olsen concluded with remarks on the museum’s role in advancing the art of bonsai in America, celebrating Morimae’s impact and support. The event ended with refreshments and reflections on his exceptional contributions to these timeless art forms.

credit: valavanisbonsaiblog.com

Morimae's journey into bonsai began more than 50 years ago with a dedication to the art of formal display, also known as keido. He has learned from and studied with revered bonsai artists, including Susumu Sudo, Jiro Fukuda, and Masahiko Kimura, who shaped his approach and artistry. His life has been deeply intertwined with the practice and philosophy behind these forms, and over the years, he has established multiple bonsai and suiseki businesses, including the prestigious Kyoto Bonsai Garden at the Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, Japan.

His connection to the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum has spanned many years, where he has donated both bonsai trees and suiseki stones, helping to enhance the museum’s nationally renowned collections. He has visited the United States numerous times over the past 20 years to share his expertise on the arts of bonsai and suiseki.

credit: valavanisbonsaiblog.com

In 2017, during the renovation and rededication of the museum’s Japanese Pavilion, Morimae delivered a speech expressing his gratitude for the museum’s role in preserving bonsai trees gifted to the United States. He shared that these living symbols of friendship between Japan and America are more than just plants—they are a carrier of our stories, a marker of our time, and a reminder of nature’s elegant resilience​.

“This is the magnificence of life,” Morimae said. “I believe that bonsai can teach us about our own lives.  Each of them tells its own humble story, woven of nature, human history, and time itself.”

Seiji Morimae’s presence at the museum is not just symbolic; it speaks to his deep sense of responsibility. As a figure of great respect in the bonsai community, he often plays the role of a "big brother," checking on the museum’s Japanese bonsai collection, much like the revered Saburo Kato before him. This support has helped the museum maintain a high standard of care and presentation, ensuring the continued vitality of its bonsai and suiseki displays.

Morimae’s dedication to bonsai has also been captured in various media, including the U.S. National Arboretum’s Bicentennial Bonsai film. His passion for bonsai and suiseki extends beyond physical preservation; it is about sharing a philosophy of life that bonsai can teach us—about resilience, growth, and the delicate balance between nature and humanity.

Seiji Morimae at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum in 2024.

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Chin Fun Kwok and his family honor the Museum with a special visit

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Today, the National Bonsai Foundation and National Bonsai & Penjing Museum welcomed Chin Fun Kwok, along with his wife Florence and daughter Daphne, to celebrate his venerated legacy.

In attendance were Museum Curator Michael James and NBF executive director Bobbie Alexander, who presented Mr. Kwok with a certificate of appreciation on behalf of the NBF Board, honoring his dedication and significant contributions. James also presented a certificate on behalf of the U.S. National Arboretum, which has housed the Museum since its inception in 1976. Also joining the celebration were esteemed former NBF board members Chuck Croft and Joe Gutierrez, as well as Jack Rubenstein, an active bonsai community member and officer of the Northern Virginia Bonsai Society.

Together, we proudly honored Mr. Kwok for his remarkable dedication and countless contributions to bonsai and penjing. Over his 25-year tenure on the NBF Board, Kwok’s leadership, expertise, and love for the art form have left an indelible impact. His engineering insights were instrumental in the design and construction of the Museum’s Chinese Pavilion, which now houses the treasured penjing collection.

The Pavilion, brought to life by Chinese craftsmen, features traditional wooden gates, decorative tiles, a serene moon gate, garden stones, and an exquisite dragon wall. Each winter, it transforms into a walk-in cold frame to shelter temperate bonsai from harsh weather, a practical feature blended seamlessly into its elegant design. Above the towering red doors, golden Chinese characters welcome visitors, inscribed with a message that Mr. Kwok translated for us: "The Garden for the Study of Ornamental Horticulture." This message captures the Pavilion’s essence—a place of learning and appreciation of nature’s beauty.

The Kwok family’s legacy extends further through a special bonsai stand donated in Mr. Kwok’s honor, handcrafted by David Knittle, a distinguished bonsai display artisan whose work is celebrated in national exhibitions.

NBF and Museum staff are deeply grateful to Mr. Kwok for his generosity, vision, and dedication, which have enriched the Museum and inspired the bonsai community.

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Curating Bonsai: What I Learned on a Work Study Journey

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The National Bonsai Foundation is proud to partner with the U.S. National Arboretum in maintaining the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum. In addition to caring for these living masterpieces, we support the museum’s expert curators with ongoing education and professional development, ensuring they stay at the forefront of bonsai artistry. These opportunities allow them to refine their skills, explore the latest techniques, and continue growing as leaders in their field.

In this post, Andy Bello, Assistant Curator (and our 2019 National Bonsai Apprentice), shares insights from a recent experience that helped shape his approach to bonsai care and curation.

Last winter, I had the wonderful opportunity to spend two weeks in Portland, Oregon, traveling to work and learn with a focus on fall and winter seasonal bonsai techniques. Part of my time was spent at Crataegus Bonsai, owned by bonsai professional Michael Hagedorn. Michael is a well-respected bonsai artist and teacher who apprenticed with Shinji Suzuki in Obuse, Japan from 2003-2006. He serves as the Bonsai Consultant for the Portland Japanese Garden, teaches international students at his garden, and blogs weekly at crataegus.com.

I remember my first time seeing a specific bonsai in person at the Portland Japanese Garden in 2017, my first year practicing the art. Walking to the upper bonsai courtyard, I was greeted by a large mountain hemlock planting growing on a slab. It was so large, in fact, that it was displayed on a small wooden stand on the ground, and the tallest tree stood about six feet tall. This composition was the first of this size and refinement I had seen. Its long, elegant trunks reached up and out towards the sky, with lush green foliage artfully arranged to give windows into the interior of the composition, telling the tree's story. This piece changed everything for me—it solidified my love for bonsai and encouraged me to pursue the art form as more than just a hobby.

Six years later, as the assistant curator at The National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, I found myself standing in Michael’s garden on a work trip, pruning my favorite tree. It felt as if my life in bonsai had come full circle. For the time I worked on that tree, I was in pure bliss, and I will never forget that wonderful feeling. But as anyone who practices bonsai knows, there is always more to be done and more trees to work on and care for.

During my time at Crataegus Bonsai, I studied some of the fascinating compositions Michael has created over the years. Some of the ones that stood out to me were planted at inclined angles or mounted on the side of walls, combining traditional Japanese bonsai with modern, innovative ideas. His garden left a lasting impression on me—it showed that we need not be limited by the container or a particular style we are accustomed to following. There is endless opportunity, and ample room to be playful and enjoy the creative process.

The second half of my time in Portland was spent at Rakuyo Bonsai, owned and operated by Andrew Robson. Andrew is an award-winning deciduous artist in the American bonsai community. He completed a three-year apprenticeship with Michael Hagedorn after graduating from Yale University. Andrew also studied shohin bonsai display with Daisaku Nomoto, an award-winning Japanese shohin master and judge at Gafu-ten. He serves as the President of the Bonsai Society of Portland, the largest bonsai club in the United States, and regularly exhibits work at the Portland Japanese Garden, where he also lectures at the Japanese Arts Learning Center. Andrew hosts the Bonsai Wire Podcast and regularly creates new episodes with other prominent figures in the bonsai community. He resides at his deciduous garden, Rakuyo-en, with his golden retriever Bailey, where he teaches and shares the art of deciduous bonsai.

The main reason I wanted to work with Andrew was his focus on deciduous bonsai and the quality and size of the specimens in his garden. At The National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, I’ve become accustomed to working on larger trees, so I felt right at home at Rakuyo with its variety of well-cared-for material. From trees in the early stages of development to award-winning specimens in refinement, there was something interesting to view, study, and learn from throughout the garden. Inside, sheltered from the cool, constant rain of the Pacific Northwest, we focused on fall and winter cleanup, caring for deadwood, pruning, and styling. We also enjoyed engaging conversations about techniques, the art form, and its future—always with Bailey, the bonsai dog, close by.

Most of the work we completed was wiring and pruning for shape and structure on a variety of species such as Stewartia, hornbeam, beech, and maples. Late fall and winter are ideal times to do this type of work, as the leaves have fully changed color and fallen, making it much easier to see and apply wire to the branches. After wiring, we placed the trees in front of a clean backdrop to photograph, discuss, and adjust the branch positions.

Working at Rakuyo with Andrew was educational, inspirational, and pure fun. His focus and dedication to teaching, growing, and learning more about deciduous bonsai inspires me to continue cultivating more varieties of trees and expanding my techniques.

I am very grateful and honored to have spent time working with both Michael and Andrew, and I look forward to working on trees with them again in the future. Thank you to The National Bonsai Foundation for supporting my continued education in this timeless art.

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Applications Open: National Bonsai Apprenticeship

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Description

The U.S National Arboretum is offering a unique opportunity for an individual to receive advanced bonsai training at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum located in Washington DC. The purpose of this national apprenticeship program is to prepare aspiring horticulturists with the knowledge needed for a career in bonsai collection management. The successful applicant will be involved in the day-to-day care of a storied collection of historic bonsai, some of them in training for hundreds of years; and will receive one-on-one instruction from bonsai museum staff to develop skill in the styling and maintenance of bonsai.

This training opportunity is typically from March through mid-November each year. The position has a 40-hour work week of five days per week and does require weekend work. This apprenticeship is funded with a stipend by the National Bonsai Foundation*. Stipend amount can vary depending on the training period and funding.

This apprenticeship provides the applicant access to one of the largest bonsai collections in the United States, bonsai literature and scholarship, as well as access to a network of professional bonsai practitioners from around the world. Many of our past apprentices are now curating bonsai collections in private and public gardens.

Qualifications
Applicants should have an active interest in the art of bonsai and a basic understanding of plant care. While coursework is not required, candidates that demonstrate commitment to the art of bonsai are desired. Background in horticulture, life sciences, or visual art is a plus.

Duties
The bonsai apprenticeship will prepare individuals for bonsai collection management. As the applicant’s knowledge and abilities develop, and skills are learned and demonstrated, supervised work on the bonsai will be offered. These responsibilities will include seasonal bonsai care such as, repotting, pruning, wiring, de-wiring, and other maintenance as needed throughout the year. The apprentice will assist with educational programs offered to the public by helping to teach classes and bonsai demonstrations.
As an integral part of the U.S. National Arboretum, the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum serves over 700,000 visitors each year. Courteous and helpful interaction with visitors is essential. Daily tasks related to museum operations include keeping gardens and bonsai displays clean, opening and closing the museum, weeding, and watering. The applicant will frequently be requested to safely lift and move heavy, but fragile, trees around the museum. Much of the work is performed outdoors in all weather conditions,
including hot, cold, and wet.

The selected apprentice will join other U.S. National Arboretum staff and interns on field trips to public gardens in the Washington, D.C. area. The apprentice will be assigned an independent study project related to bonsai design, developed in collaboration with the Museum Curator. The results of the study project will be presented to staff of the U.S. National Arboretum and the National Bonsai Foundation.

Applications

Applications will be accepted August 12 through September 16 each year. Interviews will be scheduled thereafter with the final candidate selected by the end of October. Please email a cover letter including your personal background in bonsai and your long-term career plan to USNA.Internships@usda.gov. Describe pertinent talents and life experiences that you bring to this position. Also include your resume, references, and transcripts (unofficial are acceptable). If you have any questions, please call the National
Arboretum’s Coordinator at 202-245-4529.

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In Memoriam: Larry Ragle

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We recognize and celebrate the life of Lawrence “Larry” Ragle, a beloved figure in the bonsai and suiseki communities, who recently left us peacefully at home in Laguna Beach, CA at the age of 91, with his loving wife Nina by his side.

Larry joined the National Bonsai Foundation (NBF) to contribute to the mission of elevating and expanding the value of bonsai on a global scale. As one of the original board members when the organization was founded, Larry was deeply involved in the bonsai community, with constant partnership and support from Nina. His directorship was an important step to honor his teachers, bonsai legends John Naka and Harry Hirao.

While founding NBF and helping grow the organization, Larry also supported the early development and expansion of the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum in Washington, DC. He played a pivotal role in planning events that honored bonsai masters like Naka, Hirao, and George Yamaguchi.

“It has been a delight to see the Museum become a reality and watch all the improvements with so many dedicated volunteers,” Larry once said. “It was an honor to have played a small part, along with the rest of the bonsai community and beyond, to help make NBF the quality organization it has become.”

Nina and Larry Ragle.
Photo credit: usnationalbonsai.com

In June 2023, the Ragle family generously donated a commemorative bench in Larry’s honor, which now sits in the courtyard of the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum.

Felix Laughlin, Chair Emeritus of the National Bonsai Foundation, shared: "I have so many memories of Larry, and Nina as well who was always by his side. We usually chatted via email given their location in California, but they were very active members of the NBF board of directors and came to Washington frequently for meetings at the US National Arboretum. I fondly recall having breakfast meetings with Larry and Nina during their DC visits, in which they filled me in on everything going on in the West Coast bonsai world, and told me about their adventures collecting viewing stones. They were close to bonsai luminary and founding NBF board member Marybel Balendonck, and the three of them were strong and effective advocates for the creation of the John Y. Naka North American Pavilion. The bonsai and viewing stone communities will certainly miss Larry, and he left a lasting legacy in both art forms."

Larry at the 2018 Japan Suiseki Exhibition with his Buffalo stone.
Photo credit: samedge.wordpress.com

Born in Springfield, Missouri in 1932, Larry's family moved to Albany, CA in 1940. He graduated from U.C. Berkeley with a degree in chemistry and served as a Patrol/Investigator for the City of Berkeley. In 1956, he married Carole Watchers, and they relocated to Costa Mesa, California in 1960, where Larry pursued a career at the Orange County Crime Lab.

It was during this time that he developed a passion for the art of bonsai. He started training his first three bonsai in 1962 – trees that are still alive today and represent vibrant examples of the art form.

Larry married Nina Shire in 1981, and in 1989, he retired as the Director of Forensic Sciences, Orange County Sheriff-Coroner, later writing the book "Crime Scene" in 1995. It was his first book, but not his last. Later, he authored two additional texts on bonsai and suiseki (viewing stones).

Larry deepened his study of bonsai under his sensei and the father of American bonsai, John Naka, in 1966, and later with bonsai master Harry Hirao in 1974. With Harry, he co-founded Kofu Bonsai Kai in 1977. Larry served as president of the Golden State Bonsai Federation, California Bonsai Society, and Kofu Bonsai Kai. Larry, along with others, established the California Shohin Society in 1989. He held memberships in several bonsai organizations, including Nan Pu Bonsai Kai, John Naka’s select club. Along the way, Larry took iconic photographs of many major bonsai figures, especially of Naka and Hirao.

Harry Hirao and Larry Ragle, longtime friends and co-founders of Kofu Kai.
Photo credit: bonsaial.wordpress.com

Larry was an original board member of the National Bonsai Foundation when it was founded in Washington, D.C., and served on its Board of Directors from 1982 until 2020. Jim Hughes, a Chair Emeritus of NBF and former Museum Curator, reflected, "Larry helped establish and maintain a West Coast connection to the National Bonsai Museum and National Bonsai Foundation, ensuring the national scope of both entities."

Larry dedicated himself to promoting the art of bonsai and suiseki on a local, national, and global scale. Together, Larry and Nina founded California Aiseki Kai in 1983, a club focused on suiseki and the traditional values and techniques of Japanese viewing stones. They organized and led many collecting trips for the club in California and surrounding desert areas. Larry and Nina also studied bonsai display with Susumu Sudo in Japan and have displayed some of their masterpiece stones in the Nippon Suiseki Exhibition in Tokyo, Japan. Larry was also chairman of the Golden State Bonsai Federation, which established the collection at the Huntington Library and Gardens in Pasadena.

One of Larry’s suiseki.
Photo credit: bonsainut.com

In 2002, Larry authored text for Awakening the Soul, a book about the national viewing stone collection at the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum. In a review, Dr. Thomas Elias of the Viewing Stone Association of North America rates the book as “excellent,” and says, “This volume is as pertinent today as it was twenty years ago when it was first published. This book beautifully illustrates and identifies the best examples from this modest but important collection. This is a book to study and learn how to appreciate a great viewing stone.”

Jack Sustic, Chair Emeritus of NBF and former Curator of the museum, reflected, "I've been thinking a lot about Larry, and so much has been said about him and his work for NBF and the art of bonsai. We know his contributions well, such as being a driving force in establishing the viewing stone collection and the Harry Hirao reception room. Personally, he was always kind and friendly, a true gentleman who truly possessed the spirit of bonsai, bonsai-no-kokoro."

Larry was clever, creative, charismatic, and humble. He will be remembered for his charm and wit, perfect timing, and keen skill for public speaking. His legacy in the bonsai community and beyond will be cherished and remembered by all who had the privilege of knowing him.

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In Memoriam: Warren Hill

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Warren Hill at his one-man show at East Tennessee State University in the late 1990s. Trees (from left to right): American Hornbeam, Bald Cypress and Ginkgo Biloba, also known as Chi Chi Ginkgo

Warren Hill at his one-man show at East Tennessee State University in the late 1990s. Trees (from left to right): American Hornbeam, Bald Cypress and Ginkgo Biloba, also known as Chi Chi Ginkgo.

Warren Hill, a renowned figure in the art of bonsai, recently passed away at his home in Tennessee at the age of 85. His life story is one of passion for bonsai, dedication to his family, and a love for nature.

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1938, Warren was industrious from a young age. At six, he would shine shoes for soldiers and sailors at the U.S. Navy Yard, and at 16, he painted Walt Disney’s apartment at Disneyland prior to the park’s opening. While Warren was painting, Mr. Disney walked in and surprised him. They started a conversation, and Mr. Disney thanked him for doing a good job.

Following high school, Warren served as a radar technician in the U.S. Air Force. After military service, he pursued a career as an electrical engineer with Westinghouse and later Edison International. Meanwhile, he developed a passion for photography, and throughout his life he would often capture landscapes with family and friends.

Warren served as the curator of the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum from 1996 to 2001. He had a deep interest in Japanese culture that developed from an early fascination with the natural world, which he inherited from his parents. His Finnish father and Swedish mother, who had a talent for gardening, instilled in him a love for flora and fauna. This background, along with his college studies in engineering and horticulture, laid the foundation for lifelong bonsai endeavors.

Left: Hill critiquing a black pine of Jack Fried, a former president of the Midwest Bonsai Society. Right: Hill helping a student at a bonsai workshop work on their Shimpaku Juniper. Hill traveled around the world to style trees at student workshops…

Left: Warren works on a black pine of Jack Fried, a former president of the Midwest Bonsai Society. Right: Warren helps a student at a bonsai workshop work on their Shimpaku Juniper. He traveled around the world to style trees at student workshops. 

A transformative moment happened in his twenties, when Warren walked into an exhibition hosted by the California Bonsai Society in 1960. Although bonsai was not part of his upbringing or education, the exhibition immediately captivated him. “I didn’t know what I was looking at, but I knew it was magnificent,” he said. “I had to learn more about these little trees.” This chance encounter marked the beginning of a lifelong journey that would intertwine his personal and professional paths with the art of bonsai.

His passion quickly evolved from an interest to a vocation. By 1974, he was teaching bonsai, offering lectures, demonstrations, and workshops. He immersed himself in the art and philosophy, studying with masters like Saburo Kato, John Naka, and Frank Nagata. Warren later returned to Moorpark College to study agriculture, and by 1974, he was teaching bonsai through lectures, demonstrations, and workshops. He found striking similarities between his Scandinavian heritage and Japanese culture, especially in their reverence for art and nature.

Left: One of Warren Hill’s Satsuki Azalea in Informal upright-bunjin, propagated by cuttingRight: One of his trident maples in the yose-ue style, propagated by seed

Left: One of Warren Hill’s Satsuki Azalea in Informal upright-bunjin, propagated by cutting.

Right: One of his trident maples in the yose-ue style, propagated by seed.

In 1996, Warren was appointed Curator for the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. “It was an honor to even be asked to be interviewed for the job,” Warren said. “It was a rich position, and I really enjoyed it.” His tenure was marked by fostering relationships with volunteers and nurturing the Museum’s bonsai collections.

Jack Sustic, another former Curator, served as Warren’s assistant. “He was always a teacher and a wealth of knowledge, and I still carry his teachings with me,” he said. “Those teachings helped improve my own bonsai artistry, for which I will always be grateful.”

Warren used his own drawings of different bonsai styles to show students an idea of what the style looks like. This is Chokkan, which has a formal upright trunk. The majestic appearance represents a large, tall tree standing in the mountains or on a vast low-land plain. Usually the tree's outline is in a pyramidal form.

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In his position as curator, Warren most appreciated the opportunity to meet and work with the Museum volunteers who help care for the masterpiece collections of bonsai.

“All those nice people loved the art as I did,” he said. “You meet so many talented people like them, and masters like Kato and Naka, who were all special and of exceptional quality. When you know the background of people like them and know how gifted they are, you’re kind of in awe when you’re around them.”

California State Convention – Hill is holding a workshop for students in Anaheim, California. They are working with olive trees. 

Warren at the California State Convention, holding a workshop for students in Anaheim, California. They are working with olive trees. 

Warren’s personal life also flourished during this time. In 1998, he met Sharon Jeffers Hackett at a Rotary Club meeting in Greeneville, Tennessee. They married in 2000, and after his retirement in 2001, they moved back to Tennessee and established Tree-Haven, a bonsai school that attracted students worldwide. Warren loved teaching, saying, “I like watching the students’ eyes light up when you tell them the answer to a question.”

In recognition of his contributions, the Golden State Bonsai Federation awarded Warren the Circle of Sensei Award in 2013. Throughout his life, he believed that a deep love and passion for nature were essential for success in bonsai. Beyond his teaching, Warren authored numerous articles on bonsai and horticulture, ensuring that his legacy would inspire future generations. He leaves behind a rich heritage of bonsai artistry and a community of students and admirers who continue to honor his work.

Warren is survived by his wife Sharon, daughters Dawn and Lisa, grandchildren, step-children, and other family members. His life and work remain a testament to the spirit and philosophy of bonsai, continuing to inspire students and practitioners of the art form.

More on Warren:

Obituary, June 10, 2024

NBF Museum Curators Blog, March 30, 2021

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Photographing Bonsai with Stephen Voss: In the Fall

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I laughed to myself as I began composing this first shot. I’ve been the museum for fifteen years, and seriously photographing here for nearly ten of those years. And here, in front of me, was an essentially unchanged scene that I’d never spent a moment looking at. It was too obvious, and I’ve long felt an innate resistance to making those photographs that felt “easy”. But as a photography teacher once told me, pay attention to what you’re paying attention to.

And today, those beautifully carved letters were being accented by the angular Fall light and the whole scene felt as enduring as the trees themselves. I kept the camera’s shutter open for 1/3 of a second to capture some of the blur of the foreground plant as it swayed in the cooling afternoon breeze. Its impermanence felt like a welcome balance to the stone.

In the Fall, we see those most dramatic of changes and are given the opportunity to watch as the Autumn colors spill across a tree’s canopy. Each species has its unique way of expressing its color as the leaves lose their chlorophyll. Year to year, that transition can vary based on the weather and precipitation.

I’m appreciative of the museum’s minimal design that showcase these trees in front of white, lightly textured walls, so that their texture, shape and essential nature resonate outward towards the viewer. Soon, some of these trees will be transferred to the Chinese Pavilion where they will be protected from the coldest nights of winter.

This cycle continues as it has for decades, even centuries for some trees. For now, we get to appreciate them at their most showy—resplendent in these slowing days of Autumn.

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The Artist Behind This Year's World Bonsai Day T-Shirt Design: Aaron Stratten

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Aaron working on his bonsai.

The artwork featured on this year’s commemorative World Bonsai Day t-shirt was designed by Aaron Stratten. Aaron is a bonsai lover, multi-medium artist, art educator, and self-proclaimed “gardenbody.” He currently serves as Potomac Bonsai Association’s President and has taught art at Faifax County Public Schools for over a quarter century. We were lucky to sit down with him to learn more about his inspiration for this year’s shirt, what he loves most about bonsai, and why he thinks you should join a bonsai club. Read all about Aaron below…And, order your t-shirt for this year’s World Bonsai Day (WBD) on May 13th.

 

1.) Tell us a bit about your art form, your process, and your history.

To understand me as an artist, you have to first understand that I am an art educator.

I have served Fairfax County Public Schools for nearly 25 years as a high school and middle school art teacher, and as the K-12 art educational specialist in the fine arts office. I have also taught at the preschool and college levels. Art teachers in public schools teach a full range of media and skills. This educator lens reinforces a  widely-varied personal art practice which includes drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, digital art, and of course, bonsai. I believe deeply in teaching and practicing a variety of ideation and planning processes as the foundation for creating artwork, and for solving any other sort of problem, so my process involves many drafts, sketches, and iterations.

For my personal education in art, I went to Indiana University where I earned a BS in art education and a BA in fine arts with a focus on painting. I later got a Masters from Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) where I had a dual focus on painting and printmaking. The irony is not lost on me that I spent so many years training in two-dimensional media and now spend most of my creative energies in three dimensions, shaping living trees and pots to keep them in.

2.) Tell us about the design you created for WBD. What was your inspiration, your process, technique, etc.

Aaron’s design for the 2023 World Bonsai Day commemorative t-shirt.

The 2023 World Bonsai Day t-shirt design was intended from the start as a single color, graphic image that would capture the essence of bonsai and bonsai practice rather than the image of a particular bonsai tree. It is a combination of traditional ink drawing, cut paper, and digital manipulation. Progressively larger circles contain, first, a simplified ink drawing of a tree in a pot illustrating the most basic translation of the Japanese kanji, “bon” (a pot or tray) and “sai” (a tree or plant). The second ring shows ramified branches extending outward from the center of the design just as branches extend from the trunk of a tree, and the third ring represents the life-giving foliage of the tree represented with a simplified pattern of ink brush blots. The circles are not concentric, but are very intentionally arranged with asymmetry, an essential aspect of bonsai design, and imperfectly to give a nod to the wabi-sabi aesthetic which is deeply embedded in bonsai practice and is reinforced by the imperfection of the torn-edge of the outer shape. Order yours today!

3.) How did you get involved with bonsai? What do you love about the practice and the art form?

I have practiced bonsai for over 25 years. It combines my love of art and a love of nature gained from spending so much time outside in my rural Indiana upbringing. Bonsai also aligns nicely with some of my artmaking habits. As a painter, I have often struggled with knowing when to stop. I would continue refining and adjusting a painting forever if I didn’t have a deadline. This tendency toward continuous refinement and iteration lent itself well to working with a medium that continues to grow and change over time. It also inspired the title of my bonsai blog, Bonsai Iterate.

I practiced solo for way too long and didn’t join a bonsai club until 2016 when I found the Northern Virginia Bonsai Society. My learning accelerated and before I knew it, I was president of the club, a role I held from 2018 through 2022. The best advice I can give anyone who loves bonsai is – join a bonsai club! The connections to other practitioners is invaluable, and your learning will take off leading to better, healthier trees.

4.) Do you have a favorite tree at the Museum? If so, which and why?

American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) donated by Fred H. Mies in 2003, in training since 1979

There are so many amazing trees at the bonsai museum but I am regularly drawn back to the American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in the North American Collection. My time in the woods in the Midwest and in Virginia has fostered a love of the big, native deciduous trees of our temperate forests. While these species, like the American Beech, may not offer naturally small leaves ideal for miniature trees, they still speak to me as representations of the environments I know so well. Visiting the Beech at the museum is also inspiration for continuing to work on a few beech in my own collection.

5.) How will you be celebrating World Bonsai Day?

I am currently the president of the Potomac Bonsai Association (PBA) so I just might be spending World Bonsai Day – the weekend immediately following the annual PBA Bonsai Festival – recovering from all that we put into running that event. I’m a bit of a homebody… or maybe a garden-body (Can we make that a thing, please?) so I can’t think of anything better than spending time with my bonsai and in my garden at my home in Woodbridge, Virginia. The roses and Siberian irises will be blooming, as they always do just in time for Mother’s Day, and all the trees will be lush and green. What could be better?

Purchase your commemorative
World Bonsai Day 2023 t-shirt today!

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In Memoriam: Marybel Balendonck

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The National Bonsai Foundation and greater bonsai community celebrates the life of brilliant bonsai artist Marybel Balendonck, who passed away at age 97 in California in February 2023. 

Balendonck was born and raised in Texas, working an assortment of odd jobs (even obtaining a pilot’s license!) before moving to California in the 1960s. Asian arts captivated her, and she began to teach herself bonsai through books, starting her formal training in 1965. She was one of John Naka’s principal students and dear friends but also studied under prominent artists like Melba Tucker and Harry Hirao.

Since her introduction to bonsai, her passion for the art only grew, and she became thoroughly involved in the bonsai community, once saying that "bonsai combines many of the best aspects of art and nature.”

Balendonck was one of the founding members of the NBF Board of Directors (serving until 2020) and an original member of Kofu Bonsai Kai, a Southern California-based bonsai club. She served in several bonsai club leadership positions, including the Santa Anita Bonsai Society, California Bonsai Society, Golden State Bonsai Federation and a founding member of California Aiseki Kai. She was also the first non-Japanese member of Nampu Kai Bonsai – John Naka’s exclusive bonsai club.

Naka (in overalls) and Nampu Kai members gather including Marybel (in yellow) around a tree during a 2003 meeting in California

“There was hardly any separation between John and Marybel, they were that close,” Former NBF President and Chair Emeritus Felix Laughlin said. “Her legacy will be the Museum’s John Y. Naka Pavilion and the iterations of it in future renovations. Marybel was the real deal and a great and tenacious fighter and promoter of NBF and the Museum.”

Left: John Naka and wife Alice Naka with Marybel

Right: Marybel (orange), John Naka, Nay Komai, Barbara Hall Marshall, Cheryl Manning and Alice Naka

Besides her support for the Naka Pavilion, which houses the North American collection, Balendonck was a key player in the fundraising efforts for several Museum structures and was known for her generous heart. The California Bonsai Society and other friends of Marybel helped to fund the Research Center of the Museum’s exhibits gallery, recognizing her contributions toward the Museum’s completion. 

“Legend has it that during a banquet at a bonsai convention in California she locked all the doors except one, where she put a table and chair in front of and no one could leave unless they gave to the North American Pavilion construction project,” former NBF Co-President Jack Sustic said. “Not sure if that's the exact truth, but knowing Marybel I wouldn't put it past her!”

Her trees were displayed in venues like the Huntington Library and Gardens, Los Angeles County Arboretum, the Japanese American Cultural Center Los Angeles and the Bowers Museum in Orange County, California. Her Chinese Elm, shown left and donated to the Museum in 1990, was once on display at the White House. She was awarded the 1994 Ben Oki Award by the American Bonsai Society.

Marybel also has several stones, including a dobutsu-seki, or animal-shaped stone, in collections all over the world. 

“I have so much respect and admiration for Marybel and consider myself fortunate to be able to call her friend,” Sustic said. “Never one to hide her opinions or waver in her views, one knew exactly where they stood in her eyes. We came to be close friends and her support of me, as a friend and as curator has meant the world to me and I'm eternally grateful for both.”  

Marybel, middle, at the groundbreaking ceremony for the Naka Pavilion in November 1988.